考虑叶轮流动滑移的离心泵盘腔流动模型

为研究离心泵盘腔内外特性，将离心泵盘腔三维流动简化为动静腔一维流动，基于动量守恒方程和径向连续方程，构建了动静腔流动微分方程；积分该方程并应用到盘腔中，引入密封件阻力系数，考虑叶轮流动滑移，修正泵势扬程公式，建立了离心泵叶轮-盘腔-密封环-平衡孔回路的自封闭流动模型。提出了内外迭代相结合的求解方法，实现了离心泵盘腔流动快速计算。通过与盘腔压力测量结果对比表明：使用Stodola叶轮流动滑移系数的盘腔流动模型比使用Wiesner叶轮流动滑移系数的盘腔流动模型的计算精度提高了约3.5%。盘腔流动模型结果表明：泵工况从小流量调节至大流量，容积效率逐渐提高，盖板推力略微逐渐增大。该方法及结论为离心泵盘腔内外特性计算提供参考。     

Pneumatic pressure control based on improved NMPC and its application to aeroengine surge simulation

In the semi-physical simulation of aeroengines, using the pneumatic pressure servo control technology to provide realistic pneumatic excitation to the sensors and electronic controller can improve the confidence of the simulation and reduce the test cost and risk. However, the existing methods could not satisfy the precise simulation of large-amplitude and high-frequency pulsating pressure during aeroengine surge. In this paper, a pneumatic pressure control system with asymmetric groups of the High-Speed on–off Valve (HSV) is designed, and an Improved Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (INMPC) method is proposed. First, the volumetric flow characteristics of HSV are tested and analyzed with Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal input. Then, a simplified HSV model with the volume flow characteristic correction is developed. Based on these, an integrated model for the whole system is further established and used as the prediction model in INMPC. To improve the computational speed of the rolling optimization process, the mapping scheme from control signal to PWM duty cycle of HSVs and the objective function with exterior penalty function are designed. Finally, the random step, sinusoidal and real engine surge data are set as the reference pressure in multiple comparative experiments to verify the effectiveness of the pressure tracking system.     

Space law education in China: Status quo,shortcomings and possible ways out

Space law education has an essential role in the space capacity building of a country because of its importance for human resources development in space law. Comparisons between Canada and China, the European Union and China and the United States of America (USA) and China in space law degree education, course, teaching methodology, institute and practice and communication platform are provided in an attempt to review some issues which exist within the Chinese space law educational system and to seek a better choice for China’s space law education reform. Chinese space law education has achieved noticeable progress over the past two decades. However, it is still limited in comparison to its counterparts in Europe and Northern America. The range of the space law degree education programmes and space-law-related courses is comparatively limited. A gap remains between space law education and practice in China. Chinese space law classes are still dominated by the teacher-centred teaching methodology, although several universities have some new teaching practices. The establishment of seven space law-related research institutes plays an increasingly important role in Chinese space law education, space law and policy research and legal advisory services for the Chinese government and non-governmental sectors. However, these institutes still have a long way to go in comparison with their counterparts in Europe and Northern America. While China has established domestic research platforms for space law communication through international cooperation, it does not provide space law practice platforms for space law education. While international space law does not provide a direct legal foundation for space law education in China, Chinese educational laws can lay a profound legal foundation for Chinese space law education. To promote its national expertise and capacity in space law, based on the three-pillar model and the experiences of its counterparts in North America and Europe, China should adopt a systematic and sustainable regime for its space law education.     

地面放射性测量模型γ剂量率值空间分布规律研究

地面模型是根据IAEA174号报告研建的用于校准便携式γ能谱仪、γ辐射仪的计量标准装置，最初主要用于地质勘查。2016年至2018年，新研建了钾含量30 %（YK3）和铀含量1 %（YU4）的两个模型，并确定了模型量值。远离模型表面中心位置的剂量率较低，随着中心点的接近，剂量率逐渐上升，YK3和YU4的剂量率坪区分别为模型中心点及周围半径约40 cm和50 cm范围内，在坪区内剂量率变化均不大于0.6 %；在参考点3.0 cm上的剂量率分别为320.8 nGy·h^-1和4.3×10⁴ nGy·h^-1；超过3.0 cm时，剂量率随高度呈非线性变化；根据不同高度上的理论计算和实测结果比对，在40 cm高度实测范围以内，YK3实测结果与理论计算结果相对偏差在3 %范围以内，120 cm高度实测范围内，YU4实测结果与理论计算结果相对偏差在2 %范围以内。     

水下载体SINS/USBL组合导航滤波方法研究

捷联惯性导航系统(SINS)具有短期定位精度高的优点,但其定位误差随时间发散,超短基线(USBL)在其有效工作范围内定位误差不发散,且由于受作用距离及复杂水下环境的影响,其定位数据不连续,离散度大,野值多。水下载体导航采用SINS/USBL组合导航,可充分发挥各自的优势。根据USBL量测信息的特性,给出了一种基于改进的带观测噪声时变估计器的Sage-Husa自适应Kalman滤波方案,经实物数据仿真验证了此滤波方案的有效性。     

空间环境对飞行器的影响

文章围绕空间环境对飞行器的影响因素,重点阐述由于辐照剂量以及带电粒子产生空间环境效应对飞行器的影响,最后对飞行器的空间环境效应提出防护建议。     

共轴式直升机舰面起降风限图计算

通过建立共轴双旋翼直升机的舰面起降飞行动力学模型,计算了某型共轴双旋翼直升机在某型舰上的起降特性。根据相关判据,得出该机舰组合的起降风限图。起降风限图为该直升机在舰上的安全起降提供了指导,有重要的实际意义。